How Immigrants Create Jobs

How Immigrants Create Jobs 'For a long time Americans have tended to the issue of outsiders as a danger to the economy as they remove occupations from locals of the United States. Individuals express that outsiders will work for lower compensation and in more regrettable conditions than a local, which makes them increasingly alluring to utilize. Be that as it may, is this presumption precise? Or then again do foreigners really make employments and help the economy of the United States? Exploration is presently expressing that movement and joblessness are irrelevant. Outsiders really make occupations and lift the economy by buying merchandise from local organizations and by making their own organizations (Value Added).These are only two instances of how workers help to make employments in the United States. They likewise will in general commendation local specialists as they are gifted in various territories and a little pay increment occurs for the local laborers along these lines. M igrants are more probable than a local to get training in science and math programs. As indicated by Tamar Jacoby in her article â€Å"Most Immigrants Create Jobs† she states, â€Å"60 to 70 percent of the understudies in American software engineering and electrical building graduate projects are outside born† (Jacoby).America can't stand to permit these foreigners with such extraordinary ability to work in contending nations. Outsiders help make employments with their buying force, capacity and similarity to make organizations, and with their particular aptitudes that praise that of a local laborer. Foreigners help the interest for neighborhood merchandise and ventures, taking into account more employments to be made. It is very basic. The more foreigners, the more cash spent on American made products. This requires a more popularity of products, which makes more employments for those merchandise to be produced.Immigrants returned cash to the United States economy by utilizing their wages earned to buy things, for example, food, attire, vehicles, and so forth. Organizations see this connection between new laborers and more cash being spent, so they put resources into new eateries, stores, and creation offices (Value Added). These new organizations make more occupations for additional laborers. In Jason Furman’s article, â€Å"Ten Ways Immigrants Help Build and Strengthen Our Economy†, he states, â€Å"The Immigration Policy Center gauges that the buying intensity of Latinos and Asians, huge numbers of whom are migrants, alone will reach $1. trillion and $775 billion, individually, by 2015† (Furman). Because of foreigners for the most part moving to the United States in scan for work, they are substantially more determined than a local and bound to start another business. In an investigation directed by the Small Business Administration, it shows that workers are 30% bound to begin a business in the United States than a local , and furthermore that eighteen percent of entrepreneurs in American are outsiders (Furman). These foreigner claimed organizations make new situations to be filled for more workers.Being independently employed is likewise not detracting from the local people’s capacity to get a vocation, however is helping them. Migrants make up one percent a greater amount of independently employed people than locals of the United States (Furman). Not exclusively do these outsiders made business make employments, yet in addition produce pay which will inevitably prompt more interest in this manner considerably more occupations for laborers. â€Å"According to the Fiscal Policy Institute, private ventures possessed by settlers utilized an expected 4. 7 million individuals in 2007, and as per the most recent gauges, these private companies produced more than $776 billion annually† (Furman).Not just do outsiders support the interest for products and make organizations, they likewise have specific aptitudes that supplement the occupations of a local laborer. These settlers with specific aptitudes are regularly placed into two classifications, the two of which make occupations for local laborers. The first is that with just a secondary school instruction. Because of numerous workers not having in excess of training of a secondary school recognition when they initially show up in the United States, the wages increment for locals with a school education.Therefore, the more movement, the more the wages are expanded for people with instruction higher than that of a secondary school certificate. The various degrees of instruction between these workers and locals additionally produce a compensation increment in light of the fact that the employments they perform are as often as possible associated and integral, which builds the profitability of locals (Value Added). The second gathering of workers with specific abilities is that of those with an advanced degree. These fore igners frequently acquire degrees in science, software engineering, and mathematics.Obtaining these degrees doesn't meddle with the vocation chances of locals since Americans are not prone to get instruction in these regions. The American Enterprise Institute and the Partnership for a New American Economy led an investigation in December of 2011. Information in this investigation was utilized from the years 2000 to 2007. The outcomes express that, â€Å"every 100 outside conceived laborers who worked in science, innovation, designing, and arithmetic, and who had propelled degrees from U. S. colleges, were related with an extra 262 occupations for local conceived workers† (Value Added).The concentrate likewise discovered â€Å"that states with more prominent quantities of transitory specialists in the H-1B program for gifted laborers and H-2B program for less-talented nonagricultural laborers had higher work among US natives† (Value Added). The United States is a countr y that was established on workers. During the time Americans are discovering that workers make the country more grounded overall. President Barack Obama states that â€Å"No other country on the planet invites such a large number of new arrivals† (Furman). Because of the way that American invites such huge numbers of fresh debuts, this makes American remain one of the main nations in the world.Bringing in various degrees of ability to supplement the expertise effectively here keeps America on top and driving the path in new advancements and professions. Migrants not just add to the advancements to make more employments, yet additionally help make more occupations by essentially spending their wages earned on American made products and enterprises. With the entirety of this data accessible, it is difficult to differ that foreigners help make a larger number of occupations and lower joblessness instead of removing employments from local people.

System integration Free Essays

string(194) the transportation forms that are a piece of the start to finish coordinations business forms, yet they fall outside of the Army, and they are overseen by the US Transportation Command (TRANSOM). The term incorporation is embedded in specialized papers, email messages, correspondence, proposition, and even causal discussions. After numerous long stretches of undertaking work, and numerous errors and bombed gatherings and workshops, it must be expressed that the word has different and misconstrued implications. For specialized papers (research and exchange), the term must be given setting, or it is difficult to have a significant discussion. We will compose a custom article test on Framework incorporation or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Next, various elective definitions (that are substantial in the writing for the proper setting) are introduced and clarified in some detail. Research impediments/suggestions †The paper isn't thorough, since new meanings of combination may exist or may rise. Creativity/esteem †The primary commitment of the paper is that it yields clearness on a key term that is oftentimes utilized in data frameworks look into. The paper is helpful to any specialists or experts who are centered around big business framework execution. Watchwords Integration, Interface the executives, Applications, Information frameworks, Research Paper type General audit Introduction and significance Integration is a typical term in the undertaking frameworks writing. Only here and there does a gathering happen when the word isn't utilized on different occasions and frequently inside very specialized settings. Sadly, our experience is that people frequently have an alternate comprehension of the importance of the word. Freely, there is a general accord that combination concerns making applications cooperate that were never proposed to cooperate by going data through some type of interface. This is positively part of the unique situation, yet this paper contends that there is something else entirely to be said. Since the soonest long stretches of figuring, the term â€Å"integration† has been seed in both the exchange and scholarly writing to portray a procedure, a condition, a framework, and an end-state. Given that these contending marks have altogether different implications, their aimless utilization is frequently dark and welcomes disarray. For instance, a messy conflation of procedure and condition empowers roundabout definitions that have minimal illustrative force. Think about the accompanying notice (Figure 1) from the Oracle Corporation and the relating quote from the Oracle CEO, Larry Ellison. Figure 1 is plainly an intrigue for a sort of mix that we call â€Å"Big l,† having every single significant datum lined up with an ingle information model and put away just a single time. The suggestion is that you can put the entirety of your information for the arrangement of business forms recorded in the center segment of Figure 1 within the Oracle E-Business Suite and fundamentally diminish absolute expense of proprietorship (TCO). Truth be told, the promotion guarantees that Oracle spared over $1 billion USED every year by actualizing Big l. And furthermore, there are the issues with multifaceted nature and overseeing extension honesty over numerous information sources (Gulled and Summer, 2004). Consider Figure 2 from an anonymous organization. Figure 2 shows a circumstance that is depicted in the writing as â€Å"systems integration;† . E. The interfacing of frameworks together so they can pass data over a mind boggling innovation scene. We consider this sort of combination a type of â€Å"Little I,† and we note that this type of Little I (highlight point interfaces) is a costly recommendation. Information must be continually fit and rinsed over various information sources, and any progressions to one framework can prompt mind boggling and expensive re-testing or even re-plan and coding of interfaces. Unmistakably, we have introduced two limits, and overall both have been dismissed by enormous associations around the world. Most associations would prefer not to remember the entirety of their information for one application (e. G. Prophet, SAP, Microsoft, and so forth ) for various reasons, and yet, nobody needs the issues that are related with usage like that appeared in Figure 2. There are different alternatives. Actually there are numerous alternatives, and that is the purpose of this paper. The entirety of the alternatives (counting the two above) are called coordination. So what is incorporation? As one would figure, it relies upon the specific situation, and the utilization must be qualified. Huge I may not reachable, and it may not be fitting. In the event that Little I is proper, what kind of Little I is fitting, given the circumstance and the condition of 7 Figure 2. Interfacing frameworks parts to characterize an undertaking arrangement rising advances? This paper tends to those inquiries, and it likewise orders the most utilized types of Little I with regards to big business framework execution. This order and related conversation is fundamental, or it is difficult to have a significant talk about application coordination. Coordination †Big I To set up a standard, the accompanying definition is proposed for reconciliation. Incorporation (Big l) †mix suggests that every pertinent datum for a specific limited and shut arrangement of business forms is prepared in a similar programming application. Updates in a single application module or part are reflected all through the business procedure rationale, with no intricate outside interfacing. Information are put away once, and it is immediately shared by all business forms that are empowered by the product application. This is a somewhat complete and prohibitive definition that resuscitates recollections of original venture asset arranging (ERP). The business procedure ramifications of Big I are talked about in some detail by Gulled and Summer (2003). To safeguard lucidity all through this paper, the above definition will consistently be alluded to as â€Å"Big l. † Big I is certainly the objective of the board, particularly for unremarkable business forms. This infers â€Å"one wellspring of truth† for those business forms that are empowered by center ERP arrangements. The idea is straightforward: in the event that all information are put away once and shared, at that point honesty issues are less inclined to happen. The TCO is fundamentally less, since interfaces across application parts are not required. Moreover, multifaceted nature is essentially diminished. Prescriptions 8 Figure 3 shows how Big I identifies with Little I for a straightforward model identified with US Army Logistics. In this model, Army Logistics forms are checked with the SAP arrangement as Big l; I. E. There is no interfacing over the SAP segments. Nonetheless, a portion of the coordinations business forms stream outside of the Army. For this situation, we demonstrate the transportation forms that are a piece of the start to finish coordinations business forms, yet they fall outside of the Army, and they are overseen by the US Transportation Command (TRANSOM). You read Framework reconciliation in classification Papers The frameworks that help this fragment of the start to finish process are not SAP, and they are not possessed by the military. This is a traditional composite application[3] and some type of Little I is must be actualized so as to protect the respectability of the business procedure logic[4]. Figure 3, despite the fact that a straightforward picture, shows much about reconciliation. Initially, it proposes that huge and complex associations are probably not going to put the entirety of their business forms in a solitary application. While attestations of Figure 1 are precise, there are at any rate two reasons why single example ERP won't happen in many firms: (1) he web opened more choices for Little I; and (2) the way of life and control of the inner and outer framework combination networks won't permit such solidification. Like it or not, given the present condition of innovation, we will need to live with is a blend of Big I and Little I, at any rate as long as the present patterns proceed. The truth of this circumstance is strengthened by the way that the bigger programming suppliers are â€Å"opening† their items and making them increasingly adaptable for blend and match Figure 3. A case of Big I and Little I in a similar undertaking openings with Little I. This is prove by such items as the Oracle Data Hubs and SAP Interweave advances. While it is valid, Just as Figure 1 shows, that the TCO could be diminished by moving to Big l, most associations don't have the adaptability nor the longing to do that. Nonetheless, this doesn't imply that Big I is dead. There will consistently be pockets of Big l; associated by Little I, to different pockets of Big l. This is certifiably not a specialized declaration, yet is straightforwardly identified with sound judgment. For instance, one could never â€Å"rip† an item like SAP center ERP separated and afterward interface it back together again. This is self caused principle, and it tends to be kept away from by Just executing the item the manner in which it was expected to be implemented[5]. Protect the uprightness of the item by actualizing Big I at whatever point conceivable, and utilize Little I to incorporate those parts that can't be remembered for the combination area. One could never fantasy about isolating money related from materials in a SAP usage, and afterward interface it back together again. Or on the other hand far more atrocious, it has even less rhyme or reason to stand up autonomous SAP arrangements in various divisions of an organization, working as a family or fiefdom, with the nonappearance of an endeavor direction. We will return to execution alternatives later, however before doing that, we should additionally investigate the choices for Little I. The decision of a specific little I innovation has huge ramifications for the kinds of blend and match alternatives that are accessible for thought. Mix (Little I) As recently referenced, all types of Little I are some type of interfacing, despite the fact that they are inexactly called â€Å"system combination. † Much has been composed regarding the matter

Thousands Of People Will Attack The Death Penalty. They Will Give Emot

A huge number of individuals will assault capital punishment. They will give enthusiastic addresses about the one guiltless man or lady who may incidentally get an execution sentence. Be that as it may, these individuals are overlooking one urgent component. They are overlooking the a large number of casualties who bite the dust each year by the hands of wanton killers. There are a larger number of killers out there than individuals who are wrongly indicted, and that is the thing that we should recollect. I, just as numerous others, have complete trust in capital punishment. It is an exceptionally valuable part of our equity framework. Capital punishment spares lives. It spares lives since it prevents the individuals who murder from ever killing again. It additionally prevents potential killers from ever carrying out the wrongdoing. Tragically, capital punishment is as of now utilized so once in a while that it isn't so compelling as it could be. With the end goal for it to work, we should incorporate it all the more regularly. Lately, wrongdoing in America has been on the ascent, specifically, fierce wrongdoing. This has driven not exclusively to a congestion of detainment facilities in our nation, yet additionally to an expansion in the quantity of capital punishments passed on by the courts. Regardless of the way that the quantity of detainees waiting for capital punishment is climbing, the quantity of death penalties really completed at whatever year lingers a long ways behind. Individuals basically aren't frightful of capital punishment when it isn't utilized the manner in which it ought to be (Stewart 50). In the event that capital punishment has been announced lawful, at that point the bureaucratic and state governments must utilize it to its fullest as a methods for preventing past killers from committing once again their wrongdoings. Since the vast majority of the detainees waiting for capital punishment are there for homicide, executing them would guarantee that they could never slaughter again. Over the top killers, who know no option in contrast to slaughtering, should be executed to ensure both jail watchmen and society. This view is maybe best represented through the expressions of Judge Alfred J. Talley of New York who clarified In the event that I as an individual reserve the privilege to execute in self preservation, why has not the state, which is simply an accumulation of people, a similar option to guard itself against unjustifiable hostility and unfair assault? (Kaplan 28) Around over two years back, my dear cousin, Jaime, turned into the primary casualty of a sequential executioner named Brian Duffy. Jaime, a delightful twenty-year-old understudy at SUNY Binghamton, had been strolling back to her residence after class when she was stole by Duffy at gunpoint. Wearing a dark ski veil and gloves, Jaime's companions couldn't recognize him. Having no clue who this man was, they viewed with sickening dread as Jaime was gotten, undermined, and removed. Jaime was tossed into the passenger seat of a red Nissan Sentra with no tags. Soon thereafter, the police found the vehicle, which had been accounted for taken, yet Jaime and her abductor where mysteriously gone. There was not a solitary hint of proof with the exception of the way that the vehicle was taken from Jaime's old neighborhood network. Weeks passed by and there were still no answers until the day two ladies, from Syracuse University, were snatched at gunpoint, a similar way that Jaime was. The police before long understood that the three kidnappings had critical associations connecting them together. These three ladies had all gone to secondary school together. In addition to the fact that they went to a similar secondary school, they had all dated a similar man at one point in time-Brian Duffy. It wasn't some time before police followed him down for addressing. Brian Duffy was captured in April of 1997 for the assault and murder of my cousin Jaime and the two other young ladies. They were discovered covered in his patio, seriously decayed, beaten, and assaulted. Every one of them had a shot held up in their cerebrum. Duffy was condemned to death two months after the fact. He never expressed a thought process in what he did, nor did he show regret. It is currently over two years after the fact and Brian Duffy is as yet alive and relaxing. I am genuinely sickened when I consider how this executioner gets three suppers every day and a bed to

Essay Topics to Research For Your Subject Essay

Essay Topics to Research For Your Subject EssayThere are several British Lit essay topics you will want to tackle while writing the first draft of your essay. Here are some of the topics you will want to consider when writing your essay.Grammar is one of the most important parts of any essay. While you will never need to fully address the grammar rules of your topic, the rules themselves can help you make your arguments stand out. One of the most common errors that people make is using incorrect grammatical subject and object constructions. This can even lead to confusion in the essay topic.Writing on the most important points of your essay is always the most difficult. Consider the topics that you want to write about and consider how to tackle them. If your topic deals with a popular subject, such as cars, it is obvious that you would want to use interesting and engaging language. However, if your topic is very difficult to deal with, such as computer programming, it can be easier t o write about that topic. Since so many people write essays, you will likely be the target audience for a huge portion of the essays.Since this is a subject essay, you will want to write about the different schools of thought in British Lit. Your essay topic should focus on what different schools of thought are or say about the topic. For example, the letter to the editor in the Times of London would be an example of the Rev. Baxter school of thought.As you go through your research on British Lit essay topics, it is helpful to use an e-book to review any of the topic areas that you are unsure of. The e-book can serve as a quick reference guide that you can use as you write. You should also spend time on your essay to give yourself a variety of topics to write about. Because you are writing on such a difficult topic, you need to focus on topics that appeal to you. One way to do this is to find any topic that is available online.A good way to find a variety of topics is to find the su bject of your essay by choosing a major. The National Association of Scholars is an online resource that you can use to research a topic. The NASS website is also a good source for researching different topics for your essay.Following the examples above, you can focus on the topic of British Lit essay topics. This is a subject that many people write about, so it is a good topic to research. There are many different topics you can research and use as your topic for your essay.

The Influence Of Multitasking On Different Media Devices...

We can watch TV and look through social media news feeds on laptops while reading texts on smartphones. With all the multitasking it could be shrinking the structure of our brains. According to new research from the University of Sussex, people who use cell phones or other devices tend to have a less gray-matter density in parts of the brain versus teens who use one or more devices at a time. â€Å"Published in the journal PLOS One, the research is the first to reveal links between multitasking on different media devices and brain structure† (Keating). Media multitasking is becoming more prevalent in our lives today and there is increasing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being, says Sussex neuroscientist Kep Kee Loh (Keating)†. The researchers asked 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different social media devices, which included sending a text or listing to music while doing other stuff. â€Å"Th e participants were given brain scans, which showed that, compared with people who used one device at a time, this group had a less dense gray matter in the cortex which is the part of the brain that is involved in processing emotion† (Keating). Researches aren t sure whether people with less gray brain structures are more likely to be good at multitasking or if the multitasking causes the gray structures to shrink. Other studies found that learning how to juggle and learning map routes increased the gray area inShow MoreRelatedTest Bank for Excellence in Business Communication 10th Edition by Thill12272 Words   |  50 Pageswriting messages. D) speaking to others. E) none of the above. 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The Privilege Against Self Incrimination - 1591 Words

The privilege against self-incrimination (â€Å"PSI†) s a very vague and wide legal concept under the common law initially. The common law rule was initially described as a rule that bounds no one to answer any question if it might expose him to any criminal charge or penalty in England and Wales. The history of the privilege against self-incrimination is one filled with contention and complication. Mclnerney divided PSI into three distinct sub-rights that are rather concise and well explained. First, the privilege against self-incrimination afforded to witnesses in criminal, civil or non-judicial investigative proceedings; secondly, the right of a defendant not to give evidence at trial; and thirdly, the right to silence of a suspect in the†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, the core of the privilege is the defendant’s right not to testify at all, should he so choose. The PSI faced criticism for a long period of time as being outdated, however the European Convention on Human Rights (â€Å"ECHR†), as incorporated by the Human Rights Act 1998 (â€Å"HRA†) somehow renewed it status as Article 6 of the ECHR that provides the right to a fair trial implied the privilege. In the case of Heaney, the Court had held that the right not to incriminate oneself is protected by Article 6 of the ECHR. Article 6 provides that everyone has the right to a fair trial in both civil and criminal cases. A party to legal proceedings has the right to be heard by an independent, impartial tribunal, in public, and within a reasonable amount of time. Article 6(2) specifically provides that anyone charged with a criminal offence will be presumed innocent until proven guilty by law which means that the burden of proof will be on the prosecution. Article 6(3) listed out the minimum rights that a person who is charged will have. With Article 6, a person is guaranteed to the right to a fair and public hearing in the determination of an individual’s civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him. The ECtHR in case laws has broadly

A Case Study and Swot Analysis on Marketing Research

Question: Discuss about the Case study for Marketing Research Case Studies and Swot Analysis? Answer: Introduction The researcher has adapted variable positions in making the petroleum companies effective in Canada. The purpose of the research is to keep low costs through self-service technology so that agricultural customers would buy their products without the involvement of any sales representative (Bertelsen, 2012). Executive synopsis Shell Canada Limited launched its online stores in the year 2002. This is called as the e-Store for most consumers. The objective of the research is to make necessary ideas by applying self-service technology. Here, sales representative reviews main products that are attained through determining new products. According to the survey, there are many technical problems associated with customer feedback in raising a major issue. This could be preferred as traditional but will the remaining groups of e-Store are unaware bout the problem (Kotler Armstrong, 2014). If prompt actions were not taken regarding the major issue, Shell Canada would decrease and lose customers. Core problems and opportunities The idea assessed on the traditional venture of Shell Canada Ltd would make a specific result based on arising core problems and opportunities that are as follows: Problems The main problem is that Shell Canada addresses in lowering the online stores through technical and user interface (Kecetep, 2013). The second problem is Shell Canada relates to customer adaptability by creating a self-service system, which would not be proportional. Opportunities It has a good strategy in making increased perception of communicating problems that include Electronic Data Interchange and e-Commerce technologies. Shell customers have a good alliance in making service quality effective and building trust among customers (EI Ansary, 2012). SWOT analysis The researcher has made feedback to assess various resources through the market strategy of Shell Canada Ltd effective. These would be implemented through a tabular format by studying various strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities. Strengths Making Canadian market through technological impact The strength lies in making a dominating nature of commercial clients stable Shell customers have made effective balance on quality service through reasonable process (Burns Bush, 2014). Making e-Stores even Good value in petrochemical products Weaknesses Bad use of generating passwords Irrelevant notification messages Low utilization (Kecetep, 2013) Confusing login page Back-end e-Business systems Threats Customers adaptability is not increasing Underdeveloped personal relationships Competition does not have superior access (Bertelsen, 2012). Customers are reluctant Interface problems on e-Stores Opportunities Increasing good perspective of agricultural customers Downstream activities include refining, market sale, and distribution Exploration of customer activities Good coordination among Shell Canada and other petroleum companies (Ahmad, 2013). Holding as a good lubricant material Greatest risk and greatest benefit for the company The greatest risk of the company is that prompt actions decreases sales and loses customers. It is determined as a moderate effect where the benefit of the company is to monitor e-Store through close supervisions (EI Ansary, 2012). However, traditional benefits would make the team strategic. Recommendation The researcher has recommended that customers must realize in making the problem justified on E-Stores of Shell Canada Ltd. Conclusion In this research, the researcher has concluded online stores to make it effective on customer perception. The researcher has also encountered problems regarding traditional methods of petroleum companies of Canada. Reference List Ahmad, M. (2013). Marketing Case Studies and Swot Analysis. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Bertelsen, B. (2012). Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Burns, A., Bush, R. (2014). Marketing research. Boston: Pearson. EI Ansary, A. (2012). Optimum design of shell structures. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada Bibliotheque et Archives Canada. Kecetep, I. (2013). Gender Analysis , SWOT Analysis , Survey Design Analysis. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2014). Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson.

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay Example

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay A registered nurse would be an example of a preceptor in he nursing field because they have a license to practice. The nursing preceptor arranges for clinic kcal space and a variety of clinical patient encounters within rotation to ensure the student receives a wide clinical experience (Nursing, 2010). Preceptors are experts in nursing because they have years of experience and have a significant amount of knowledge. They are professionals who take on the responsibility to train and prepare new graduate nurses to seek more competencies in their area of interest in the health care setting. Discussion Nurse preceptors can have a good reputation or a bad reputation. In order for a preceptor to be effective in their roles, one has to support a new nurse through the phases of transition: honeymoon, reality shock, recovery and resolution (Garners, Chewer, 2012). A survey of new graduate nurses was conducted by the University of Memphis about what traits were most important for a nurse preceptor. According to this survey, a nurse preceptor allows hands on experience; welcomes interns and is prepared and ready to precept; remembers what it was like to be an intern; patient, supportive and encouraging; knowledgeable, confident, and enthusiastic about continuing heir own learning energetic and enthusiastic about ones career; models good organization and time management; has high expectations of intern; has integrity and respect for all people; and demonstrates professional ethics (Characteristics, 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nursing preceptors are responsible for molding, shaping, educating and mentoring students into nurses (Scott, 2005). A preceptor needs to be a planner, coach, advocate, evaluator, cheerleader and role model for new nurses, regardless of their level on Bends model. Goals There are many goals of preceptor programs. Preceptor programs assist dents in making a smooth transition from novice to an entry level position, such as a beginner. A smooth transition focuses on improving patient care, skills and reducing the occurrence of role practice (Lurch, 2012). Another goal is for the students to gain clinical experience and critical thinking skills by practicing treatments, planning, organizing and acquiring priority-setting skills under supervision. Nurse preceptor programs provide that smooth transition by requiring numerous clinical hours and completing competency skills by providing learning opportunities, in which will follow accountability and growth professionally. Nurse Preceptors in relation to Bennett Model The Banners Model helps determine what level of competency a nurse has. It is made up of novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. A novice could be a nursing student who has had no experience. A novice will follow rules and procedures step by step. An advanced beginner can demonstrate performance but still rely on past experiences to perform practices. A competent nurse has a few years of experience in the health field (Banner, 1984). They may be able to practice the same skills as a proficient nurse, but they lack the speed that a proficient nurse displays. The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, and maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action (Banner, 1984). Nurse preceptors fit the description of Banners Model of expert because their intuition of what to do in a situation is right on key. They have the experience and the knowledge to know what to do in most situations. As a nursing student, we are novices who need to learn the nursing process, learn how to effectively apply evidenced-base practice and to acquire the critical thinking skills as those as a professional nurse. Conclusion Nursing preceptors can make a difference in a student, new nurse or staff in a particular setting. Lack of preceptor skills can lead to the new nurse and staff to be dissatisfied, which could lead to a new position. It is certain that all nurses, professional or a novice, face environmental, cultural, social, technological, physical, political and emotional changes during a new job (Scott, 2005). It is the role of a nursing preceptor to make sure that the nursing student or new graduate is prepared for these changes. Perception is an organized, evidence-based, outcome-driven approach to assuring competent practice (Lurch, 2012). The competencies of a nurse preceptor need to reflect on a student.

Force Definition and Examples (Science)

Force Definition and Examples (Science) Force is an important concept in physics: Force Definition In science, force is the push or pull on an object with mass that causes it to change velocity (to accelerate). Force represents as a vector, which means it has both magnitude and direction. In equations and diagrams, a force is usually denoted by the symbol F. An example is an equation from Newtons second law: F m ·a where F force, m mass, and a acceleration. Units of Force The SI unit of force is the Newton (N). Other units of force include the dyne, kilogram-force (kilopond), poundal, and pound-force. Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton described how force works mathematically. Galileos two-part presentation of the inclined-plane experiment (1638) established two mathematical relationships of naturally-accelerated motion under his definition, strongly influencing how we measure force to this day. Newtons Laws of Motion (1687) predict the action of forces under normal conditions as well as in response to change, thus laying the foundation for classical mechanics. Examples of Forces In nature, the fundamental forces are gravity, the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, electromagnetic force, and residual force. The strong force is what holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus. The electromagnetic force is responsible for the attraction of opposite electric charge, repulsion of like electric charges, and the pull of magnets. Non-fundamental forces are also encountered in everyday life. The normal force acts in a direction normal to the surface interaction between objects. Friction is a force that opposes motion on surfaces. Other examples of non-fundamental forces include the elastic force, tension, and frame-dependent forces, such as centrifugal force and the Coriolis force.

American history after 1865 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

American history after 1865 - Coursework Example From this research it is clear that slavery was one of the traditions destroyed during the conflict. The tradition where whites especially in the southern society were keeping slaves without respecting their human rights came into destruction because of the conflict. The conflict also managed to destroy the deep-rooted belief of the Southern Whites that slaves would only work under compulsion. Several institutions including factories that were owned by Whites in large cities like Atlanta, Columbia and Richmond were set on fire. After the civil war, freed slaves managed to remain reluctant to settle down and form relationship with their former masters. However, some of them committed themselves to wage labor while others changed masters. Some of the freed slaves were waiting to get land of their own as promised by the government. In order to survive, many of the ex-slaves managed to secure employment through contract labor system. The freed slaves also managed to create institutions t hat they were denied during the slavery era. Some of the institutions they managed to create include schools, churches and several fraternal. The Northerners managed to release many slaves. Some of them went to the South to offer materialistic and humanitarian services. The Northern military was willing to set a military base for the freed men and women in the South. However, the Southerners were not ready to accept any help from the Northerners and the disagreement resulted into chaos. Therefore, the North was not successful in changing the Southern society. The North also did not manage to stop the issue of racial oppression in the Southern society (Divine et al. 477). The hailing prosperous of the Southern society remained unsuccessful and poor because of exploitation from the northern business interests (Divine et al. 471) 4.  Why was Northern interest in Southern reconstruction waning? The Northern interest in reconstruction waned because the South managed to create a strong opposition especially in the early 1870s. Heavy black turn in the elections of 1872 helped the Republicans to hold more powers and create a strong ruling foundation in most of the Southern states (Divine et al. 469). The Republican leaders were interested in industrial and western expansion as opposed to the Northerners. A series of laws were passed that favored the Southerners especially giving more power to its army. This contributed in waning of the Northern interest in Southern reconstruction. 5.  Why were the Redeemers able to take back the South? The redeemers managed to neglect the interest of white farmers who were in the South and this made many of the Whites to lose their farms. The Redeemers were interested in economic growth and development, which made them have significant support in the South. A third of the Redeemers were professional politicians and they had great experience in leadership that helped them to take back the south. The Redeemers also managed to rule o n two basic principles that helped in uniting the Southern planters through blocking the government from directly interfering in the economy (Divine et al. 471). Moreover, disputed elections of 1876 that led to a compromise in 1877 contributed in making the Redeemers take control of the South (Divine et al. 470). Part 2 1. Could a fair policy towards Native Americans been devised? It was possible to devise a fair policy towards Native Americans if only they agreed to comply with the policy. However, most of the Native American did not manage to comply with the set policies. For example, the concentration policy failed to last for long because the Indians broke boundaries while hunting buffalos (Divine et al. 485). 2. What impact did the frontier

Organization behavior class in the news report Essay

Organization behavior class in the news report - Essay Example The author pointed out the openness of Grove to learn from his audience, his students. Being an educator at Stanford University, Grove have laid down a realistic case, very truthful indeed because it pertains to the future of his very own company. Tedlow used this incident to show his readers the leadership style of Grove. He wrote a brief biography of the CEO by accident, how, from being an engineer, he strove to become one of the most admired corporate leaders using his past experiences to as guides and educational tools. Tedlow also highlighted Grove's reliance on data during decision-making. He finally pointed out Grove's advocacy in independent thinking. Thinking for one's self using data and previous experiences (and mistakes) as references are cornerstones of Grove's leadership style. In the other article, "Peter Drucker On Leadership" Forbes author Rich Karlgaard used his personal interview with the management guru in plotting out the latter's basic leadership principles. The first point that the author raised is Drucker's emphasis on the question "What needs to be done" For Drucker, knowing what a leader needs to do, as opposed to the asking one's self "What do I want to do," is the key for successful management. Checking one's performance based on the things they ought to do is the next success factor of effective leaders. Drucker further emphasized that effective leaders are mission driven and are willing to turn down other irrelevant tasks to their mission. They also make clear what their current priorities are to their subordinates. A unique leadership style is also required. Focusing on strengths and delegating tasks you are weak at. To save time and money, Drucker also advised leaders to refrain from too much travelling and instead use the power of modern technologies to facilitate communication with subordinates. Karlgaard further warned leaders that misuse of charisma is detrimental to one's leadership. Better be a reliable silent leader than a deceitful charismatic one. Google's CEO Eric E. Schmidt narrowly focused strategy is what author Ben Elgin examines in his article "Google: A $50 Billion 'One Trick Pony'" in Business Week. Elgin showed how the search engine giant preferred to stick with its existing method of generating income than to diversify its advertising product line by exploring other income opportunities. The author commented that Google's singularity in its focus to its text advertisements might hurt the company in the future. Article Comparison These articles show three different perspectives on leadership. The first one is about the hands-on leadership principles accumulated by Andrew Grove. As a practicing business leader, Grove pointed out his first-hand wisdom on how to drive an organization to the top. Based on his past experiences of Grove's failures and successes, Tedlow gave us a picture on how the CEO riskily responded to the leadership problems that he encountered. The second article is more conservative and theoretical. It concerns more on the wisdom gained by an academe and business book writer, Peter Drucker. Drucker based his writings on his researches about CEO's. Being a business professor he gives us theoretical pointers rather than practical wisdom in leading an organization. Karlgaard's article is more of a commentary concerning the soundness of Schmidt's strategy. By limiting is focus on a single product line, Google has become a towering leader in that particular market. Despite these contrasts

Integrative Network Design Project Essay Example for Free

Integrative Network Design Project Essay The redesign for Kudler Fine Foods has covered the topology and standards and has defined the architecture, protocols, and strategies it will employ. Now security is the issue that needs to be reviewed. The most important aspect of any communications platform is that it is secure. This paper will discuss the security of the network and the details of the hardware choices that will be used in it. Security Hardware and Software Between every network and the outside host of threats there is a first line of defense. For almost every network this will be a firewall. A firewall can be both hardware and software and is usually a combination of the two. A firewall creates a barrier between networks. Any outside computer or client must pass through the firewall to access the network or its resources. Only a computer or system that has proper access can easily access a network protected by a properly configured firewall. Though it is not infallible, a firewall is the first and perhaps best means of security available to a network. The Kudler Fine Foods network will have firewalls installed and configured at each location. These firewalls will be designed to allow access from authenticated users inside the network. Communication outside of the network should be minimal and not available from unauthenticated sources. Customers do have the ability to access certain account information from the Kudler Fine Foods website. These accounts allow them an authenticated login to the webserver which can access the firewall and the specific account information behind it. Customers themselves do not have access to the network or its files. A truly secure network does not rely on a firewall alone. Individual devices still require their own security measures installed on them. The method of having each end user device be responsible for its own security is called Endpoint Security and many current forms of security systems use this ideology. Third party software can be installed that handles the actual endpoint security of the device. The important point is that each device has current software that protects against intrusion, viruses, and malware. Devices on the Kudler Fine Foods network will be installed with an application suite that will suit all of these needs. In addition to antivirus and antimalware software every device should have appropriate encryption. LAN vs WAN A local area network (LAN) is the most basic form of network; however the word local can be subjective. A local network can mean a small network in a home, or a business network covering several buildings on a city block. LANs are relatively fast, compact, and when configured correctly, have few errors or problems. The hardware needed to build an LAN is set up on OSI levels 1 and 2 and include devices like switches, bridges, hubs, and repeaters. Wide area networks (WAN) are complex networks that span large geographical areas. The most commonly known WAN is the Internet. WANs tend to be slower in speed, highly complex, and intolerant of system problems. Because of the multitude of connections on a WAN, even a simple down can create problems across the network. Fundamental Network Hardware All networks, whether local or larger, are built on the same types of hardware. Most of these systems are using Ethernet technology to connect them. Ethernet cabling uses twisted pair cabling to transmit data and connect devices with a universal technology. Networks use a system of routers, hubs, and switches connected by Ethernet cable. Routers are gateways between networks; these are frequently combined with other devices like a modem. Hubs create a connection point between sections of a network.  Hubs function by relaying frames received to all clients. Hubs are â€Å"dummy† technology in that they do not analyze the frames coming to them and do not relay them specifically to the intended recipient. Instead they transmit any received frame to all clients connected to them. This is a quick, cheap way of ensuring data is transmitted, but it does create large amounts of extra network traffic. A smarter and more expensive piece of equipment contemporary to the hub is the switch. A switch does the same function as the hub but is smarter than a hub. While hubs simply repeat their information to all clients, switches scan the frames that come to them and determine the recipient address. This way the switch can forward the frame to the proper client without tying up more network resources than necessary. Conclusion The Kudler Fine Foods network upgrade will be constructed on Ethernet technology, just as it is now. The fundamental construct will involve use of these hardware technologies and will include switches and routers. The three buildings are in different cities, so they will each have their own local networks. Each network has a connection to the other networks so they are connected by a wide area network at the same time. The devices at each location will be responsible for their own endpoint protection while each local network will be protected by a firewall.

Wilhelm Wundts Psychology: Judgment Essay -- Wilhelm Wundt Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt's Psychology: Judgment It is almost impossible to write historically informed essays about any given topic in modern psychology without making reference to the work of Wilhelm Wundt. In part, this is because he produced a tremendous amount of written work (over 53,735 published pages1), and because he is widely regarded as the first experimental psychologist.2 So, it’s no surprise that Wundt has something to say about the psychology of judgment. Given the historical context in which his work took place, however, you might be surprised to learn that Wundt was keenly aware of both the problems with traditional associationist accounts of psychology and the temptations of psychologism. His system of psychology, while acknowledging the associative characteristics of some types of thought, takes pains to stress the non-additive nature of higher cognitive acts and fights to preserve the independence of psychology (and the rest of the â€Å"special sciences,† including logic and ethics) from physiolo gy. In this paper, I’ll briefly review the basics of Wundt’s approach, detail the neo-Humean roots of his psychology, discuss how he attempts to embellish those roots with some apperceptive greenery, and summarize his position regarding psychologisms.3 While Wundt’s motives are to be admired (†¦and despite his historical significance), I'll conclude that his attempt to be true to the physiological roots of the psychology of judgment while still respecting its ultimate independence vis-à  -vis logic was a failure.4 First, the basics. In his Principles of Physiological Psychology, Wundt lays down the outline of a psychology that will be constructed using experimental techniques analogous to those of physiology (famously, a rigorous ... ...h the individual mind with habits, inclinations, archetypes, and stereotypical modes of perception and cognition. But these influences from without must work on those internal principles and laws of thought that comprise ‘the universal characteristics of humanity’† (p. 161). 12 Wundt emphasizes the importance of education for conditioning the will in a logical manner: â€Å"Rather must education pay most attention to that inner volition which is occupied with ordered thinking. To make this strong, to make this able to resist the distracting play of associations, is its most important and also one of its most difficult tasks† (Introduction, p. 147). 13 Introduction, pp. 148-149. 14 Lectures, p. 314. 15 Robinson, p. 167, quoting from the Lectures, p. 365. 16 Robinson, p. 172. 17 Wellek (1967), encyclopedia entry on Wundt, Wilhelm, p. 350.

Compare and Contrast the Marketing Strategies of Li Ning

English Language Centre Cover Sheet | Draft| X| Course Work Submission| Put an X in the box to show whether this is a draft or a credit-bearing coursework assignment Full Name (in pinyin)| | Yinqin Wang| English Name (optional)| | | ID Number| 1101133| Class (e. g. Y2_EEE_A1)| Y2_BAD_A2| Programme| Business Administration| Module Code| EAP105|Assignment Title| Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally| Submission Deadline| 22 October 2012 before 20:00| EAP Tutor’s Name| Jacqueline Banki| Final Word Count| 1057| I certify that: * I have read and understood the University’s definitions of COLLUSION and PLAGIARISM (available on p. 31 of the current Academic Student Handbook of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University and in the 2011 ELC Student Handbook Appendix 2, 4, and 5).With reference to these definitions, I certify that: * I have not colluded with any other student in the preparation and production of this work; * thi s document has been written solely by me and in my own words except where I have clearly indicated and acknowledged that I have quoted or used figures from published or unpublished sources (including the web); * where appropriate, I have provided an honest statement of the contributions made to my work by other people including technical and other support staff.I understand that unauthorised collusion and the incorporation of material from other works without acknowledgement (plagiarism) are serious disciplinary offences. By uploading my assignment onto ICE, I formally declare that all the above statements are true. Scoring – For Teachers Use (teachers may change descriptor labels below as needed)| Marker| Initials| C| O| G| V| R| Final Mark| First – red pen| | | | | | | | Second – green pen| | | | | | | | Third (if needed)| | | | | | | | For Academic Office Use| Other Penalties|Date Received| Days Late| Late Penalty| Marker Initials| Format (Y/N)| Plagiarism Co de| Collusion Code| | | | 1. | | | | | | | 2. | | | | Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally With Chinese economy developing rapidly recent years and the huge success of 2008 Beijing Olympics, Chinese sportswear market has emerged a blooming scene. Not only the mighty foreign brands such as Nike and Adidas win the favor of Chinese people, which took 10. 5% and 7. % of mainland sportswear transactions respectively in 2011, the domestic brands such as Li Ning and Anta also occupy large market share (China Daily, 2012). Li Ning, the Chinese domestic sportswear brand which bears the name of renowned Chinese gymnastic athlete Li Ning, acts a leading role in Chinese sportswear market. Only secondly to Adidas, Li Ning possesses 7. 2% market share and keeps expanding (China Daily, 2012). Not satisfied with its immense domestic achievement, Li Ning strives for more enormous stage and switches its target to international market since 2011.Not ably, on the one hand, the domestic marketing strategies of Li Ning, such as opening and streamlining numerous retail stores, are somehow quite different from the international strategies like using e-commerce approach. On the other hand, the strategies domestically and internationally also share several similarities like attaching importance to branding. The emphasis of this essay is to compare and contrasts the domestic and international marketing strategies of Li Ning. Although to some extent few of these strategies are alike, Li Ning has largely followed diverse approaches domestically and internationally.To begin with, there are some similarities between the market strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally, such as investing more in branding to cultivate its long-term competitiveness. Specifically, both domestic and international strategies take steps to sponsor famed athletes or sports team to advertise the high quality and advanced functionality of its products, which aims to make people hold a favorable impression of Li Ning. For instance, in 2012 London Olympics, various overseas medal candidates like Spain’s basketball team were signed with Li Ning (Brandchannel, 2012).Also, Li Ning grasped Chinese top gold medal forecasts in multifarious sports events like ping pong and badminton, which includes Lin Dan and Wu Mingxia who enjoy the high popularity among Chinese people (Brandchannel, 2012). Especially, the athletes who are sponsored by Li Ning are inspired to publicize Li Ning not only by wearing its products. For example, immediately after Lin Dan won the gold though the spectacular final game, the logo of Li Ning at the jersey of Lin was tugged to display a gesture of appreciations, which makes the effect of advertising cracking (Brandchannel, 2012).Furthermore, domestic strategies are also similar to international strategies in targeting young generations. Domestically, Li Ning replaced old logo and slogan to make the brand mor e abut to the generation born after 1990s as well as establishes new â€Å"sixth-generation stores† which attracting young clients (China Daily, 2011). World widely, Li Ning also focuses on young people because they are unbiased to Chinese brands, accustomed to shopping online and generally spend so much time surfing the Internet, which opportunely corresponds to the e-commerce strategy of Li Ning (Ad Age, 2011).Although the domestic and international strategies share some similarities, they nevertheless employ fundamentally different approaches in a number of key areas, such as using different channels to sell products. In other words, the strategies domestically direct to sell inventories mainly in solid shops, whereas the international strategies prefer using e-commerce, event marketing and digital media. In detail, numerous retail shops spread all over China are owned by Li Ning.Also, confronted the cooling Chinese economy in recent times, in order to raise the efficiency of entity sales, the company adopts measures that streamlining the network of the retail stores and entering lower tiers cities to speed eliminating premium brands by merger and acquisition(China Daily, 2012). When it turns to worldwide, to shun retail channels, Li Ning established its appropriative e-commerce sites as the only passageway to its products and released a delicate teaser video heavily on its Facebook page and twitter account (Voight, 2012).Also, microsites and events are relied to induce online buzz (Voight, 2012). In addition, the domestic and international strategies are dissimilar in the slogan and the images they are intended to shape. Domestically, Li Ning created a new slogan â€Å"make the change† to indicate that greatness is not undying, only changes can be perpetual, which not only nettles the slogan of Nike â€Å"Live through your greatness†, but also remodels the impression of Chinese people on Li Ning as a more high-end brand (Brandchannel, 2012).Internationally, the slogan â€Å"straight out of new China† demonstrates that its products leverage its rich Chinese culture and are diverse from the cheap, rough made-in-China goods as old perception considered (Voight, 2012). Furthermore, with regards to new marketing segments need to be expanded, Li Ning focus on Children garment domestically while women market segment internationally. Cooperated with local children garment firm Paclantic to design more attractive children sports and leisure clothing, the clothes could be sold in the franchised stores and affiliated shops of Li Ning in China (Wang, 2012).Nevertheless, the market segment of women who do not need intramuscular figures and desire equal positions with men are attached importance to by the international strategies of Li Ning (Warc, 2011). In summary, this essay has made comparisons and contrasts between the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally. The domestic strategies, like th e international ones, have strong sponsor awareness and also aim to attract younger generations.Despite that the international and domestic strategies have to some degree implemented similar strategies; essentially approaches are adopted in crucial areas, such as using different slogans, selling products by different channels and expanding different market segments. Although the e-commerce method ingeniously avoids complex retail channels internationally and the notion to achieve long-term profits domestically seem to be reasonable, Li Ning may ot achieve so many profits as they expected, because its vague brand positioning might cause the confusion and misconstrue of domestic people and its international consumers may despise Li Ning for its imitative logo and slogan which have some resemblance to Nike and Adidas. It is suggested that Li Ning should slow down its expansion and invest more to raise the quality and make some innovations instead of having large inventories discounted as a result of expanding too fast. Also, to have explicit brand positioning is crucial.Nonetheless, as Li Ning keeps adjusting corresponded to the changing situation and creating new products, it is too early to definitively judge whether Li Ning will have a promising future. References list Ad Age (2011). China's Li-Ning Takes on Nike, Adidas With U. S. E-Commerce Site. [online]  New York: Ad Age. Available from: http://adage. com/article/cmo-interviews/china-s-li-ning-takes-nike-u-s-e-commerce-site/231642/. (Accessed 12 October 2012) Brandchannel (2012). London 2012: Success as Li-Ning ‘Makes a Change' in Olympics Strategy. [online] New York: brandchannel. Available from: http://www. randchannel. com/home/post/2012/08/13/London-2012-Li-Ning-081312. aspx. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) China Daily (2011). Li Ning expects business to slow. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/bizchina/2011-01/18/content_11874065. htm. (Accessed: 12 Octo ber 2012) China Daily (2012). China's sportswear brands nurse Olympics hangover. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/londongames/2012-07/02/content_15542591. htm. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Voight, J. (2012). Video Is Lifeblood of Li-Ning's ‘New China' Sneaker Launch. online] Charlotte: ClickZ. Available from: http://www. clickz. com/clickz/news/2166538/video-lifeblood-li-nings-china-snea ker-launch. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Warc (2011). Li-Ning plans global push. [online] London: Warc. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li-Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52;q. ( Accessed: 12 October 2012) Wang, W. (2012). Li Ning rejoins race in children's wear market. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-05/12/content_15276320. htm. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Compare and Contrast the Marketing Strategies of Li Ning Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally With the development of Chinese economy, sports industry has become one of the new industries in china, which has large market size and high growth rate (Qinqin, n. d. ). In Chinese sports area, Li Ning brand, built by famous gymnast Li Ning (Enright, 2012), is the market leader and owns about 8000 hypostatic shops domestically (Zhang,2011). Similar to some international famous brands like Nike and Adidas, Li Ning intends to enhance influence by exploring international market (Sauer, 2012).For this reason, the essay will compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally. A close look at the sources available, it seems that the topic could be analyzed from the internal aspect such as sales methods, promotion and the external aspect such as consumption concept and competition. The essay will compare and analyze Li Ning’s marketing strategies by the in ternal and external aspects’ factors. From the internal perspective, there are two main sales strategies should be considered as follows: sales methods and promotion.In regard to sales methods, Li Ning implements entity sales and e-commerce sales at home and abroad simultaneously (Anon, 2011a, Voight, 2012 and Zhang, 2011). Nevertheless, the focus of sales methods might be different considering the contrasting name reputation domestically and internationally. Li Ning, named after china’s gold-medaling gymnast, is very famous in china, especially after the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing (Enright, 2012). As typical local brand with high name reputation, Li Ning chooses entity sales as its main way of sale domestically and there are almost 8000 hypostatic shops in china (Zhang, 2011).Whereas the name Li Ning perhaps unfamiliar in the West. For instance, the marketing firm tested the brand with U. S. customers and the result shows that brand awareness was almost 0% (Enright , 2012). Rather than seeing it as a bad thing, Li Ning sees it as a launch point to â€Å"upgrade the brand image and win recognition from consumers† (Zhang, 2011). What is why â€Å"Li-Ning is planning to concentrate on the new online portal before opening more brick-and-mortar stores† in U. S. market (Anon, 2011a). In order to achieve more name reputation and higher sales, Li Ning fixes much attention n another sales strategy, promotion, as well. Both foreign and domestic, Li Ning has been paying much attention to Olympic Games and sports super stars (Anon, 2011b and Sauer, 2012). At home, since 1992 in Barcelona, China’s Olympic terms have chosen Li Ning as a fixture and the brand still counts on gold-medal terms such as Chinese ping pong, shooting gymnastics and badminton teams (Anon, 2011b). Overseas, Li Ning was the 30th Olympic Games sponsorship in 2012 (Sauer, 2012) and invited NBA All-Star teams players to speak for it (Anon, 2011b).Moreover, according to different national culture, Li Ning even used different slogans to appeal to the nationalist fervor. For instance, where the word â€Å"you† was used by Nike in America, Li Ning chose the slogan â€Å"we can† domestically and â€Å"the moment† for international audience (Anon, 2011b). On the other hand, in external aspect, Li Ning has taken a series of measures to deal with two social problems: target groups and fierce competition (Anon, 2011a, Ranasinghe, 2012 and Zhang, 2011). With the rapid development of internationalization, various views on Chinese goods have been published.In china, instead of praising highly local brand, Chinese customers are worried about the Chinese sports brand’s store quality is not equal to the brand's quantity (Zhang, 2011), preferring internationally famous brands like Nike and Adidas (Ranadinghe, 2012) and transforming the cost from sports to food and beverage (Ranasinghe, 2012). On abroad, although some older consumers usually think of China-made products as fakes or knockoffs, younger consumers do not see Chinese products as second-class or counterfeits (Enright, 2012).Regarding the situation, in recent years, Li Ning has been trying to make the brand more youthful and upmarket (Anon, 2011b). For the new strategy, Li Ning not only created a new logo and new slogans but also launched many new products with a better outlook and quality, which aimed to appeal to domestic and foreign younger generation (Zhang, 2011). Furthermore, Li Ning has managed to expand to different areas at home and internationally as well (Anon, 2011a, Anon 2011b and Wen, 2012).In view of China’s family planning policy, Li Ning has rejoined the battle of children’s garments by cooperated with another company in Tianjin (Wen, 2012). In consideration of the case that many foreign customers have great curiosity about eastern culture (Voight, 2012); Li Ning puts brand international feeling over oriental theme (Zhan g, 2012). For example, in March 2012, Li Ning promoted a pair of men’s basketball shoes with the Chinese dragon pattern which was a limited edition on Facebook, and then the tremendous crowds to Li Ning’s website led it to collapse (Voight, 2012).In addition, Women have become another one of the main target groups of Li Ning overseas (Anon, 2011a). Next, the second problem Li Ning is facing is the large-scale competition with local brands and international brands domestically and internationally (Anon, 2011a et al). The fierce competition â€Å"not only has it been forced to scale back its plans for world domination, but it also now finds itself at risk in its home market against domestic rivals like Peak and 361 °, but also with global heavy hitters Nike and Adidas† (Sauer, 2012).The difference is that language might be the main barrier Li Ning needs to face in international market (Zhang, 2012). With a view to the situation, on the one hand, Li Ning decided to slow the pace of new openings and close some inefficient stores to curtail expense and store energy (Ranasinghe, 2012); on the other hand, Li Ning would enter the second-tier cities to achieve next phase of growth (Anon, 2012). To sum up, in internal aspect, Li Ning chooses both entity sales and e-commerce sales at home and abroad. Different focuses are determined due to large name reputation difference.To achieve more popularity, Li Ning focuses on Olympic Games and sports super stars with different slogans. Furthermore, in external aspect, facing the customers’ different consumption views on Chinese brands domestically and internationally, Li Ning transforms its attention to younger people and set new different target groups both domestic and foreign. Li Ning has been facing increased competition with global names and local rivals, and what is why Li Ning determines to slow the pace of new openings and enter the second-tier cities.In future, Li Ning could make greater br eakthrough by implementing brand strategy, constructing international brand image, developing technology innovation and improving enterprises’ core competitiveness (Zhang, 2012). References: Anon. (2011a) Li-Ning plans global push [online] London Warc. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li-Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52= (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Anon. (2011b) China's Li-Ning Takes on Nike, Adidas With U.S. E-Commerce Site [online] New York Ad Age. Available from: http://adage. com/article/cmo-interviews/china-s-li-ning-takes-nike-u-s-e-commerce-site/231642/ (Accessed: 3 October 2012) Anon. (2012) China's sportswear brands nurse Olympics hangover [online] China Chinadaily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/londongames/2012-07/02/content_15542591. htm (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Enright, A. (2012) Li-Ning makes its U. S. debut [online] Chicago Internetretailer.Available from: http://www. interne tretailer. com/2012/01/16/li-ning-makes-its-us-debut (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Qinqin, D. (n. d. ) Comparative analysis of Chinese and Western Sporting Goods Enterprises’ Growth Pattern. Wuhan, China: Dept. of Sports Economics & Management, Wuhan Inst. of P. E. Ranasinghe, D. (2012) No Medals for China’s Sportswear Firms [online] US CNBC. Accessed from: http://www. cnbc. com/id/48454835/No_Medals_for_China_s_Sportswear_Firms (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Sauer, A. 2012) London 2012: Success as Li-Ning ‘Makes a Change' in Olympics Strategy [online] London Brandchannel. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52= (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Voight, J. (2012) Video Is Lifeblood of Li-Ning's ‘New China' Sneaker Launch [online] New York Clickz. Available from: http://www. clickz. com/clickz/news/2166538/video-lifeblood-li-nings-china-sneaker-launch (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Wen , W. 2012) Li Ning rejoins race in children's wear market [online] China Chinadaily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-05/12/content_15276320. htm (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Zhang, D. (2011) Li-Ning sportswear looks to win overseas [online] London BBC. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-12665597 (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Zhang, X. (2012) ‘Marketing Plan for Li-Ning Product Expansion in UK’, Lecture Notes in Information Technology, Vol(14), Wuhan, China: Dept. of Sports Economics & Management, Wuhan Inst. of P. E.

Medina Surname Origin and Meaning

The surname Medina, which ranks 30th among  most common Hispanic last names,  has several possible origins: Dweller at or near the market; one who had returned from the marketA locational or geographical name originating from the city of Medina in western Saudi Arabia, the second most holy city of Islam, or from one of the other places called Medina. According to the Instituto Genealà ³gico e Histà ³rico Latino-Americano, the Medina surname originated principally in the Spanish areas of Burgos and Andalusia. Today, the Medina surname is most frequently found in use in Argentina and Spain according to the World Names Public Profiler. Because most last names originate in multiple areas, the best way to learn more about your Medina last name is to research your own specific family history. If you are new to genealogy, try the steps to begin tracing your family tree. If youre interested in learning more about the Medina Family Crest, then learn more about how the family coat of arms arent what you think.Surname Origin:  Spanish, PortugueseAlternate Surname Spellings:  MEDENA, DE MEDINA, DE MEDENA Famous People With the Medina Last Name Gabriel Medina - Brazilian professional surferBenny Medina - Music producer and record executiveAnn Medina - American-born, Canadian television journalistJosà © Medina (Josà © Alfredo Medina Andrade) - Olympic track and road cyclist from ChileHenrique Medina de Barros - Portuguese painter Genealogy Resources for the Medina Last Name 50 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 50 common Hispanic last names? The Medina last name ranks 30th on this list. How to Research Your Hispanic Family TreeLearn how to start your Hispanic research at home, and then branch out to research in country-specific records, organizations, and other resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean, and other Spanish speaking countries. The Medina DNA ProjectThis Y-DNA testing project is open to all families with the Medina last name and variations, from all locations. The purpose of the project is to help members use a combination of  yDNA  testing, paper trails, and additional research to identify common Medina ancestors. Medina Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Medina last name to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Medina query. FamilySearch - Medina GenealogySearch and access records, queries, and lineage-linked online family trees posted for the Medina surname and its variations. FamilySearch features almost 2 million results for the Medina last name. Medina Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Medina surname. DistantCousin.com — Medina Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Medina. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.