Technical Service Management Maliciously Attacked

Question: Discuss about theTechnical Service Managementfor Maliciously Attacked. Answer: There are innumerable cases that have been evidenced in different firms where the software of the company has been maliciously attacked. It is for this reason that the firm has to employ some stringent measures to see to it that appropriate action is taken to safeguard the security of the organization and all what it pertains it. The first step to realize this is to assesses the suitability of the security measures that has been adopted. After that has been done., it will be important to evaluate its efficacy and lastly designing software (Grnroos, 2007) to ensure that the whole firm including the Internal Network is well protected alongside the clients. Moreover, it will be ideal for the firm to be undertaking periodic evaluation of their system to ascertain that everything is in order as this will aid them to curb serious threat to its venture in advance. The process of evaluation aids one to assess the environment, protect ones servers and the client who are very instrumental for the success of the firm. The venture ought to adopt Group Policy Architecture which is a sophisticated means that ensures that the safety of the system is heightened for the smooth running of the activities within the specified system without any form of alterations (Laudon Laudon, 2004). The notable solution in this case is the end to end encryption which ids sophisticated in nature to curtail scamming threats. To conclude, it is incumbent to note that Windows 10 provides three major dichotomies of securities namely threat resistance, information protection and lastly security identities. References Grnroos, C. (2007).Service management and marketing: customer management in service competition. John Wiley Sons. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2004). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm.New Jersey,8.

Strategy for Envisioned Future

Question: Discuss about the Strategy for Envisioned Future. Answer: Organizational Structure The company follows an interaction model for their organizational structure. The company has a chief executive who looks after the entire operation of the company followed by coordinators in all the departments who are at the top level. The administrative directors, human resource manager, chief operator and the chief officer related to finance control all the operations at the middle level of the organization, which is followed by general managers at each of the departments. The lower level employees of the company consist of team members and the managers of the factories (Paula, 2014). Since the company uses this model, the flow of information is restricted to the superiors of each level. For example, the employees cannot directly share their concern with the chief executive officer of the company directly. It has to pass through a number of people in between before it reaches the ears of the top management. The various departments in the company consist of admin and HR department, finance department, operations department and consultation department. The organization is centralized where the staffs has to report online in the head office. The head office looks after all the informations and the necessary changes that need to be passed down to the various stores in the company (Nanayakkara et al., 2013). Organization Purpose The name Pak n Save has originated because of the practices they undertake with respect to the cost-saving tactics where the customers can pack the groceries in cardboard boxes. The company provides the cardboard boxes so that the products can be shipped to the store or to the supermarkets. Plastic bags are also available, which can be purchased for 10 cents from the North Island stores. The cost of plastic bags is 5 cents for the customers in South Island stores. The customers are encouraged to buy plastic bags that will last longer or they can carry their own bags while coming to store to purchase products (Isberg Pitta, 2013). The stores are located on the aisles of the supermarkets with practically no design to attract the customers. The products that are extra in the stores are not displayed on the shelves instead; they are kept on the top of the shelves in the pallets in which the products arrived in the shop. In this way, the floor space can be increased, which helps in the retail purpose. The products that are delivered to the stores come from the Foodstuffs distributor who has been a long-time supplier to the company (Milner, 2013). The stores of the company buy goods in excess, which means that the stores do not offer different varieties of goods to the customers. Thus, the choice of customers is very limited and has to be within the range of goods that are offered by the company. Some of the stores have the self-scanning system where the customers do not have to wait in line with the trolleys. Thus helps in reducing the time of checkout making the workplace very efficient (Day, Pearce Pearson, 2015). Policies and Procedures The company collects personal information from the customers on a regular basis, which enables the company to provide better services by sorting out the grievances of the customers. The company collects the personal information from the customers as it helps the company to provide an appropriate username and password to the customer to avail the website of the company. It helps the company to provide further assistance to the customers through the website. It informs the customers about the competitions and the promotions that will take place in the stores of the company on a regular basis, which will help in retaining the customer base. The company also provides additional information to its customers about the products and the services so that it helps in raising the interests of the customers (QC Smith, 2015). The company ensures that the personal information of the customers will not be disclosed to any other organization except when it will be an absolute necessity. The information can be disclosed with prior permission of the customer to the Foodstuffs North Island and South Island Limited who are the major suppliers of the company. They can disclose the information to the third parties if they find that the parties are in good faith and has been instructed by the law. The company will take permission from the customers by either sending them a mail or a text requesting their actions and interests. If the customer does not want the information to be shared then the customer needs to either reply to the mail or send a text to the company informing them about the same (Carter et al., 2013). Legal compliance The company ensures that every endeavor that it undertakes is done with accurate information and sometimes errors may occur in the process. In the same way, Foodstuffs who is the main supplier of the materials to the company is not liable for any loss that may arise directly or indirectly from the advice, information or omission or the negligence that may occur in the website of the company. The contents that are available in the website of the company are copyrighted and patented even if it is not mentioned on the site. The website is owned and operated by Pak n Save Supermarkets Limited (Devi et al., 2014). The site allows the customers to gather extra information about the stores, products, services, competitions and various promotions that the company undertakes to retain and expand the customer base. Apart from this, the company is not liable if the customers misuse the site for any other purpose (Randall, 2014). The company controls the accessibility of the website strictly and they can restrict the access of any customer without informing them on a prior notice. The company sees to it that the site is kept free from viruses and from unauthorized access as they do not want any discrepancies that may arise from the misuse of the website (Devi et al., 2014). The information on the site will be accurate and up to date in all respects related to the products and services of the company. The special offers that the company will offer will be available on the site on a prior notice so that the customers are informed about the promotions when the stocks are available in the stores. The laws of New Zealand govern the website and the courts have the exclusive rights to decide on the contents of the site (Al-Humam, 2015). Health and safety compliance Pak n Save takes in to account the health and safety of the employees within the organization. It is seen that the company has been involved with WorkSafe New Zealand to provide better working conditions for the employees and educate them to improve their skills in the workplace (Hours, 2015). This has seen an increase in the participation of the employees. The company has coordinated with the government agencies to enforce the tools that provide safety to the workers. The company has seen to it that the risks related to the certain jobs in the department is minimized and the employees have gained knowledge in mitigating the risk factor within the organization through proper training provided by the company. The employees can now understand and identify the risks and eliminates before any further hazards take place (Keddell, 2014). Risk Management Organization such as Pak n Save has to deal with a lot of risk in their operation and as a part of their business. The most significant risk that the organization has to face is the competition that exists in the market. The main competitors to the organization are Countdown and New World. The organization has to keep up with the market trends in order to stay ahead from its competitors. Since the organization mainly deals with food, there is also a risk of food contamination, which might lead to a strict action from the department of food and health of the country (Kaplan Mikes, 2012). The company needs to innovate and find out pioneering new ways to stay ahead of the competition. It needs to find out new strategy to bring in fresher and healthier alternatives to attract more customers. The other risk that the company faces is the contamination and mishandling of food items. The company can employ staff members to look after the hygiene factor in the packing and prepping of the foo d items. Installing CCTVs inside the office premises and a strict monitoring might help the company to achieve a proper hygiene standard (Lam, 2014). Sustainability The company has reduced their waste by 10.4 percent that is around 16.5 tons each year by nominating an efficient team that caters to monitoring of the waste and recycling of the waste materials. The company has installed recycling bins all around the office and store area so that the paper and plastic waste can be recycled. These bins are then emptied at a particular location from where the commercial recycling providers collect the waste and dispose it. From the point of view of conserving energy, the company has replaced all the 50 watt bulbs with 35 watts to reduce the consumption of energy. This has resulted in saving of approximately 2,000 kWh that is equivalent to $270 each year (Alkon et al., 2013). Two strategy options: Inclusion of organic food items: Organic food items are in high demand today due to increase in health consciousness among the people of New Zealand. The store should sell organic buns, pizzas and other food items at affordable prices. Organic food being more expensive compared to the conventional food will attract the affluent consumers. Thus, the retail chain will be able to cater to both the rich and the middle class and earn huge revenue. Expansion: New Zealand being a part of the rich economy of Australia attracts foreign retail chains. These retail chains compete with PAK'nSAVE for market penetration. These supermarket chains owing to their vast international market base and funds can distribute their costs and risk over a huge revenue base ("Aldi sticks to Australia - Business - NZ Herald News", 2017). Thus, they can offer goods at lower prices and yet earn higher profits. PAK'nSAVE should also expand beyond the boundaries of New Zealand and explore the profitable markets of Asia, Europe and America. The supermarket should promote its goods and services in its new markets to create a profitable consumer base (Volpe, 2013). Changes implemented in the Strategy The two strategies stated above for PAK'nSAVE will require the supermarket chain to chain and accelerate its structures, processes, resources and its marketing mix to cater to the international market and a global consumer base. Structure: The centralized organizational structure of the retail chain follows the interaction model. The chief executive who directs the midlevel departments of operations, administration, human resource and finance leads the company. The lowest rung contains the store managers and their teams. The lowest stratum people cannot approach or communicate with the upper level directly. Expansion into new markets will demand more decentralization and more empowerment of the store staffs to decide products as per the market requirements. The chain should also set up a department who will deal with the organic food items and their marketing(Alexander, 2015). Processes: PAK'nSAVE should change its mode of operations to adapt to the expansion into organic food items and exploring new markets. The company has a centralized line of command, which does not empower the store managers and sales staffs to take decisions though they have more knowledge about the buyers choice. Expansion will expose the supermarket chain to different macroeconomic factors and consumer bases with choices ways apart. PAK'nSAVE can follow the model of the British supermarket chain Aldi and allow the sales staff more power to decide on the offerings. This will help the company to cater to consumers better, which will earn more revenue (Minh, 2015). Resources: PAK'nSAVE should expand its operations into the foreign markets. This requires it to develop its organizational structure, technology, modes of operations, human resource and so on to suit the new increased needs so as not to strain its existing resources. The company should use the resources the host countries to produce its goods, which will lower its cost of operations. The company needs to acquire resources from the local markets and set up a global supply chain to accede to quality resources at affordable prices. Any other changes in the organization-new offices: PAK'nSAVE needs to enter new market by exporting its goods to those markets. Then in order to strengthen its position it must enter into joint venture with the companies in the market or establish subsidiary companies. It will require the company to expand its infrastructure into the new host country to ensure long-term business and profit. The company can follow the model of Marks Spencer to enter foreign market ("Welcome to Marks Spencer" 2017). Justification of the Strategies Plausibility: Since the strategy includes two parts: inclusion of organic food items in the menu and overseas expansion of business, it has be seen and judged whether these two options are plausible or not. The inclusion of organic food items in the menu of the company is important in the day and age of today as the majority of the population in this world today is health conscious and thus is inclined more intently on the healthier and fresher alternatives of food. The benefits of organic foods on health are widespread over the internet letting the people know about the goodness of the foods (Yang, Kueng Hong, 2015). Thus, if the organization wants to be popular and earn more profits, then it must focus its attention on the inclusion of organic food items. Overseas expansion is another strategy that can surely bring in a flood of profits to the organization. In this world of extreme competition where every company is trying hard to topple one another in the rat race of competition, it has become extremely important to find out different market options to expand the business in. Overseas expansion gives the business a chance to explore a market, which can give the business a new opportunity to gain revenues and popularity at the same time. It is seen that generally, markets that are not yet explored by similar business present a fantastic scope to spread out the business and achieve maximum profit and revenue (Chu, KrishnaKumar Khosla, 2014). Feasibility: The two strategies as discussed in the above paragraphs have to be checked for feasibility as without being feasible, these strategies can have no effects (Lockwood Walton, 2013). The availability of resources is an important factor in implementing the strategies. To implement the strategy of introducing organic food items in the menu, resources that are needed are: a good plan to implement the strategy, the professionals in the required sector who can look after the steps that can monitor the procedure of inclusion of organic food items in the menu. The risk involved in this strategy is the improper inclusion of the organic food items and also the contamination of the saleable products. Since the organic food items are without any preservatives or pesticides, it has to be sold fresh. Therefore, there is a high chance of contamination through the food items, which might pose a threat for the company (Dora et al., 2013). The strategy that needs to be developed, requires to consider t his point before any planning and execution of the same. Next, is the strategy of expansion. Expansion requires a lot of planning and careful execution in order to be successful. The expansion of the business requires proper analyzing and systematically carrying out the plan for successful expansion. For an expansion, a proper review of the target market, analysis of the demand of the product in the target market, the analysis of the bargaining capacity of the consumer, the bargaining capacity of the suppliers and the environmental and the governmental factors that govern the decision and the strategy of expansion of the business. Expansion of business is an integral part of business since it is essential for the development and growth of business (Verbeke, 2013). Pak n Save is an organization, which mainly deal with food items and present the customers with different options for choosing and has a simplistic approach to the customers to cut cost and attract the consumers with low pricing. It often loses out to other competitors due to the lack of the glamour that is present in other stores. It can therefore implement steps to bring in the glamour quotient by introducing various methods to renovate the stores and thus increasing the aesthetic value of the stores, which can lead to attracting more consumers (McGrath, 2013). Expansion Strategy The company needs to expand its business operation so that the people across the globe can purchase products from these outlets. This will result in maximizing the profits of the company. The global expansion will lead the company to explore different kinds of market, which will help in competing with different types of brand. Since, the company allows goods to be bought at a cheaper price, the focus of the expansion needs to be on the developing countries. This will ensure that the company earns good returns on their investment because these markets will favor the company as they provide many benefits and perquisites to the customers. This will result in the success and popularity of the company in these countries. References Aldi sticks to Australia - Business - NZ Herald News. (2017). The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 6 March 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11421886 Alexander, A. (2015). Decision-making authority in British supermarket chains.Business History,57(4), 614-637. Al-Humam, A. (2015).Service-Oriented Architectures for Safety-Critical Systems(Doctoral dissertation, University of York). Alkon, A. H., Block, D., Moore, K., Gillis, C., DiNuccio, N., Chavez, N. (2013). Foodways of the urban poor.Geoforum,48, 126-135. Carter, M. A., Signal, L., Edwards, R., Hoek, J., Maher, A. (2013). Food, fizzy, and football: promoting unhealthy food and beverages through sport-a New Zealand case study.BMC public health,13(1), 126. Chu, M. T., KrishnaKumar, P., Khosla, R. (2014). Mapping knowledge sharing traits to business strategy in knowledge based organisation.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,25(1), 55-65. Day, P. L., Pearce, J. R., Pearson, A. L. (2015). A temporal analysis of the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966 to 2006.Public health nutrition,18(01), 135-142. Devi, A., Eyles, H., Rayner, M., Mhurchu, C. N., Swinburn, B., Lonsdale-Cooper, E., Vandevijvere, S. (2014). Nutritional quality, labelling and promotion of breakfast cereals on the New Zealand market.Appetite,81, 253-260. Dora, M., Kumar, M., Van Goubergen, D., Molnar, A., Gellynck, X. (2013). Food quality management system: Reviewing assessment strategies and a feasibility study for European food small and medium-sized enterprises.Food Control,31(2), 607-616. Hours, W. C. (2015). From the Chief Executive. Isberg, S., Pitta, D. (2013). Using financial analysis to assess brand equity.Journal of Product Brand Management,22(1), 65-78. Kaplan, R. S., Mikes, A. (2012). Managing risks: a new framework. Keddell, H. (2014).A demonstration of how the Healthy Heart visual food guide can be affordably used by low-income families in New Zealand(Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago). Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Lockwood, T., Walton, T. (2013).Building design strategy: using design to achieve key business objectives. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. McGrath, R. G. (2013).The end of competitive advantage: How to keep your strategy moving as fast as your business. Harvard Business Review Press. Milner, P. (2013). Work Patnerships that Work. Minh, N. D. (2015). Lean Management Model in Retail Business The Case of Supermarkets in Hanoi. Nanayakkara, A., Mcbreen, B., Margetts, K., Mead, J., Mehrtens, J., Pengelly, M., ... Stewart, G. (2013). Wikileeks: Digging up Secrets of Fruit and Vegetable Prices at Markets and Supermarkets in Wellington and Christchurch. Paula, A. (2014). Corporate brand coherency: examining the effects of the advertising congruence antecedent on consumer attitudes. QC, H. C. F., Smith, H. D. N. (2015). AIDE MEMOIRE.Policy,4(901), 8749. Randall, J. (2014).Impacts of Early Childhood Education Social Obligations on Families and Whanau(Doctoral dissertation, University of Waikato). Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Volpe, R.J., 2013. Promotional competition between supermarket chains.Review of Industrial Organization,42(1), pp.45-61. Welcome to Marks Spencer. (2017). Marksandspencer.com. Retrieved 6 March 2017, from https://www.marksandspencer.com/ Yang, M. J., Kueng, L., Hong, B. (2015).Business Strategy and the Management of Firms(No. w20846). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Animal Farm Strong Vs Weak Essays - British Films, Cold War Films

Animal Farm: Strong vs Weak Animal Farm: Strong vs Weak The pigs had objectives other than the benefits and the good of the other animals. On the contrary, their objectives were to use, conquer, and capitalize on them. One of the conflicts in Animal Farm is the strong against the weak. The strong are the pigs and the weak are all the other animals. There are two main offenders of the weak: Napoleon and the pigs in general. Napoleon was a tyrant. It is very likely Napoleon and the other pigs were conspiring to take over Animal Farm so that they could take advantage of the situation of having many animals at their disposal. Although, Napoleon played a very important role in the assault on the weak. Napoleon most likely was the originator of all the decisions that go against the morals of the animal society. He is the one that initiated the violation of established resolutions, and concealed it by altering the resolutions. What satisfied his pleasure is what took precedence over everything-the animals, honesty, commandments, etc. He gave himself the credit for every good thing, without any recognition to the other animals, such as the building of the windmill, and the victory of the Battle of the Windmill. In addition, he is the one that completely transformed the farm into the same or worse way it was in the hands of Man. He made the pigs mimic Man: adopted all its bad habits which were against the animals, with the exception of the pigs. The other pigs were also involved in taking advantage of the weak. The other aspect that was against the weak is that the pigs in general clearly took advantage of their leadership to exploit the other animals. This could be proven multiple times, starting from nearly the beginning of the story. Even when Snowball, a good guy, was still in the picture, this (exploitation) was happening by the pigs deceiving the other animals to hog all the apple crop. The pigs gave the other animals little food, while they lived a lavish lifestyle. They lied to the animals by telling them lies about their memories, and giving them false information for their own benefits such as, for example, equality in rations would be contrary to the principles of Animalism. They overworked the animals while they did not work laboriously, and used them for money. The farm grew richer without making the animals themselves richer, except for the pigs and their companions, the dogs. They announced themselves more superior than the other animals, and began treating them like slaves. They accepted becoming like human beings, and having the same interests, so that they helped make the farm in the same or worse condition than when it was controlled by Man. The actions of Napoleon and the pigs in general, therefore, challenged the weaker animals. They used the other animals' trust, and misused their powers to take advantage of their weaknesses.

Salutary Neglect Overview

Salutary Neglect Overview The term salutary neglect stems from the colonial era. Even though England believed in a system of mercantilism where the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country, Sir Robert Walpole decided to try something different to stimulate commerce. A View of Salutary Neglect Walpole, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, espoused a view of salutary neglect whereby the actual enforcement of external trade relations was lax. In other words, the British did not strictly enforce commerce laws with the colonies. As Walpole said, If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. This unofficial British policy was in effect from 1607 to 1763. The Navigation Act and Trading Companies, merchants and independent corporations went about their business in these colonies on their own without a lot of overlook from the British government.  The beginning of trade regulation started with the Navigation Act in 1651. This allowed goods to be transported to the American colonies on English ships and prevented other colonists from trading with anyone other than England. Passed but Not Heavily Enforced While there were several renditions of these acts, the policy was expanded to include certain products that were only allowed to be transported on English ships, such as indigo, sugar and tobacco products.  Unfortunately, the act was often not enforced due to difficulties with finding enough customs officials to handle the management.  Because of this, goods were often snuck in with other countries including the Dutch and the French West Indies.  This was the very beginning of the triangular trade between the North American colonies, the Caribbean, Africa and Europe. The Triangular Trade Britain had the upper hand when it came to the illegal triangular trade. Despite it going against the Navigation Acts, here are a few ways Britain benefited: The trade allowed New England merchants to get wealthy. In turn, merchants bought manufactured goods from the British.Despite Walpole attempting to solve this issue by offering positions of government, these officials granted had often taken bribes from merchants.The colonies were supplied with slaves on top of being given a market for raw goods.The colonies received finished European products that they were unable to make themselves. Calls for Independence The salutary neglect period ended as a consequence of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War, from years 1755 to 1763. This caused a large war debt that the British needed to pay off, and thus the policy was destroyed in the colonies. Many believe that the French and Indian War affected the relationship between the British and the colonists by leading to the revolution. This is because the colonists were not worried about France if breaking away from Britain. Once the British government became stricter in their enforcement of commerce laws after 1763, protests and eventually calls for independence became more pronounced amongst the colonists. This would, of course, lead to the American Revolution.

Assignment /4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

/4 - Assignment Example No matter how good grammatical and phonetic skills of a speaker are, without developed lexical skills it is hard to build sentences and comprehend messages, whether oral or written. When one learns a new word and starts using it in speech, he/she might notice that this word appears more often in oral and written contexts. This phenomenon is not unique to learners of a second language and frequently happens in ones native language context as well. In case a learner starts using new word often he/she cant help ignoring the new word in every cluster of speech that contains the word. The thing is the new word could have been often overlooked by the learner before he/she fully understood the meaning of the word and learned to identify different connotations of such a word within a specific context. In my opinion, noticing the new word more often, both in oral and written contexts, depends largely on the learners perception. A learner starts recognizing the new word and pays attention to its specific meaning when he/she knows its general meaning. For instance, the word "destination" can have lots of connotations, such as a goal or a mission, but a learner frequently uses this word only in a specific context and doesnt notice using it much. Thus, one tracks the word down every time he/she experiences the new connotation of the word. This, in turn, builds up the feeling that such a word is more frequently used by other speakers than before. As a matter of fact, people always tend to identify things they know something about in the first place and neglect things they know little or nothing about. The same is true when it comes to the learning and using of new words, both in a native language and in a second language

Paul Ehrlich's influence on modern microbiology and immunology Essay

Paul Ehrlich's influence on modern microbiology and immunology - Essay Example The latter had long been a serious disease not only in Europe but also all over the world and had developed into a serious public health problem that needed to be dealt with swiftly. Ehrlich’s contribution to microbiology in this case came from the study of the chemicals that were seen to have a discriminating affinity to certain types of organism or tissues. In addition, because of this research, he and a fellow scientist, SakahiroHata, ended up developing salvarsan, an arsenical that killed spirochaete without having any mortal effects on the patients on whom it was administered. Despite the fact that this arsenical had some toxic effects, it was still a great advancement in the field of applied organic chemistry, and it was for this reason, among others, that Ehrlich was honoured with the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1908. He was a pioneer in the conducting of experiments that involved the use of chemical drugs for the treatment of diseases and this was done through the stud y of the diverse cells and tissues in the human body. These ended up revealing the fundamental principles that lay behind the immune system of the human body and this helped a great deal on the establishment of the use of chemotherapy in medicine. In addition, his development of salvarsan ensured that syphilis would, for the first time in history, be cured and this discovery may be considered to be amongst the greatest discoveries in the modern world because it came to reveal the potential which the systematic research in drugs had for the development of cures for other diseases (Sepkowitz 291). The development of the field now known as haematology came about through the efforts of Ehrlich, who conducted studies of how blood cells reacted when dye was applied to them. This new field came to be concerned with the study of blood and those organs that formed it, and as such came to be and is still recognised as one of the most prominent scientific fields. In fact, many of the terms tha t Ehrlich coined when conducting his various researches have come into common use in medicine and these involve the term chemotherapy (Elliott 53). Ehrlich had many influences in his early life that inspired the development of his interest in science and scientific methods of research and among the most influential individuals in his early life was his cousin Karl Weigert. The latter was a well-known pathologist in his time and it was he who helped Ehrlich develop an interest in the study of cells through his teaching him how to dye cells so that he could have a better view of them under the microscope. From this time onward, Ehrlich became engrossed in his research on dye reactions on cells and this interest continued even after he joined university and it was his research that may for the most part, have led to the development of modern microbiology as well as immunology. Through his doctoral thesis it can be suggested that during such an early period of his suggests that even at this early stage in his vocation, he had already come to the conclusion that his chosen

Accounting and finance for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting and finance for Managers - Essay Example Capital structure decisions are significant as they determine the company’s profitability and financial flexibility. Therefore, while forming capital structure plans, the financial decision maker must consider the nature of business, external & internal conditions, economic conditions and the future plan of a company. This paper will attempt to analyse the capital structure policies of a public company (listed on stock exchange) along with the merits and demerits of capital structure. The primary focus of this paper will be to evaluate the capital structure policies of the company in context of relevant capital structure theories. The initial sections will have a brief discussion on various capital structure theories. This will be followed by a brief overview of the selected public company so as to understand its nature of business and the prevailing capital structure policy of the company. The overall findings of the project will be discussed in the concluding section. Designing the capital structure of a public company is very much crucial as it helps to reduce financial risk. Besides, the financial managers have to keep redesigning the company’s capital structure for maintaining proper leverage. Gerestonbeg has defined capital structure of a company as â€Å"the composition or make-up of its capitalization† that includes â€Å"all long-term capital resources i.e. loans, reserves, shares and bonds† (Patra, 2006, p.237). Many scholars have developed various capital structure theories for trading off between the owned capital and loaned capital. Some of popular theories of capital structure are trade off theory, pecking order theory, agency cost theory and Modigliani & Miller theory. Out of these theories, Modigliani & Miller theory is the most important and widely accepted capital structure theory. In order to trade off between costs and benefit of debts, the financial managers must choose the optimum level of capital structur e. The cost of capital